Although they may be used as the sole cleanup method in small spills, sorbents ar e most often. Understanding oil spills and oil spill response pdf epa. Inquiry lab operation oil spill cleanup ee in wisconsin. The majority of viable oil recovery methods are largely focused on floating oils and shoreline cleanup. In situ burning is the oldest technique used in oil spill cleanup and. The type of oil spilled affects cleanup methods, and different types of oil spills have different effects on wildlife and human habitats. Oil spill experiment, mary austin we have all heard about the news on oil spills and the devastating effects of this on mother earth and the marine life it supports. Best available techniques for oil spill containment and cleanup in. Lucy nicholsonreuters cleanup of the santa barbara oil spill. Hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation in the niger delta.
When oil is spilled into water containing a layer or chunks of ice. These spills can do tremendous damage to the ecosystem in the area of the spill and can expand over vast regions to affect coastlines and indigenous wildlife hundreds of miles away. When a spill occurs, the prior planning and coordination of the national response system greatly enhances the speed and effectiveness of the response. This field manual is intended for use by responders at an oil spill. Students will create their own oil spill, try different methods for cleaning it up, and then discuss the merits of each method in terms of effectiveness cleanliness and cost. Although they may be used as the sole cleanup method in small spills, sorbents are most often used to remove final traces of oil, or in areas that. Oil spills usually refer to the release of oils into water, but of course an oil spill can. Safety and health awareness for oil spill cleanup workers. This lesson builds on the fate of spilled oil although it may also stand alone. For example, the spill is very large, the water may be too rough for other methods, or the spill may be too far away from land to use mechanical recovery equipment. The use of this technique could discourage illegal oil releases and. Chapter 3, alternative countermeasures for oil spills us. They are asked to put themselves in the place of both environmental engineers and oil company owners. About once every decade there is a major oil spill somewhere in the world the exxon valdez in 1989, the prestige in 2002, and the deepwater horizon in 2010 all come to mind.
This guide includes information about response methods now used during oil spill responses in marine environment. Oil spill cleanup methods used by the anto districts local community. The report suggests several methods that have been used to clean up oil spills in the past, but notes that each carries individual risks and in most. This information establishes the need for and the extent of cleanup state. Seven technologies used to clean the gulf oil spill cbs news. Oil spills give rise to many problems throughout the world. Oil spill cleanup strategies and techniques quizlet. Oil spills usually refer to the release of oils into water, but of course an oil spill can take place on land as well. Mechanical and chemicalbiological spill response methods. More details on notification and reporting requirements can be found in the spill guidance manual section 1. When a slick threatens to infiltrate coastal areas or worse, an oil spill occurs near a coastal area, as when a tanker runs aground or a refinery leaks the situation becomes even more dire. In the event of a major spill on soil, a different technique maybe more appropriate. Spill response experts know that all of these methods are effective only when conditions are conducive to using them. This handson experiment provides students with an understanding of the issues that surround environmental cleanup.
Mar 11, 2020 download the basics of oil spill cleanup pdf book free online from the basics of oil spill cleanup pdf. Homeowner oil spill cleanup guide fall 2002, updated january 2004 3 before entering an enclosed area such as a basement where a significant heating oil release has occurred, make sure the area is ventilated. Other oil cleanup methods other oil cleanup methods. The gulf oil disaster and the future of offshore drilling report to the president bp oil spill commission report on april 20, 2010, the macondo well blew out, costing the lives of 11 men and beginning a catastrophe that sank the deepwater horizon drilling rig and spilled nearly 5 million barrels of crude oil into the gulf of mexico. Smallscale modeling of oil spill cleanup methods activity. Operation oil spill cleanup inquiry lab design your own offshore oil drilling and the use of supertankers for transporting oil pose the risk of oil spills. How to clean up oil spills on soil perth petroleum services. How to clean up oil spills on soil once a spill has reached soil, gravel, pebbles or any broken ground, the control, containment and cleanup of the spill often becomes more difficult than a spill onto a hardstand. Students had one semester to design and build an oil spill cleanup device. They will be asked to put themselves in the place of both an environmental engineer and an oil. Spills can happen through accidents, such as an oil liner striking rocks that cut a hole in the hull, allowing oil to spill out. Oil, will biodegrade over a period of time into simple compounds such as co2, water and biomass. Oil spills can damage commercial and recreational fishing areas, spoil beaches, kill marine birds, mammals, and other aquatic life, and destroy shellfish communities.
Keep spill response procedures and a wellstocked cache of supplies easily accessible. There is therefore a growing demand for green, facile and ecofriendly, lowcost sorbents from biopolymers for the treatment of oil spills and. Heavily utilized, public recreational sand beaches a manual removal with minimal clean sediment removal b mechanical removal with inkind sediment replacement o. Guidi2 1department of technical physics, sapienza university of rome, italy 2enea, department of fusion and nuclear technologies, italy abstract an oil spill is the accidental or intentional release of petroleum products into the. Niehs oil spill cleanup training tool 1 oil spill cleanup workers can face potential hazards from oil byproducts, dispersants, detergents and degreasers. Whenever possible, control and cleanup of an oil spill begins immediately.
Variables such as the type and amount of product spilled, and the aspects of the particular ecosystem where the spill occurs, are considered using net environmental benefit analysis neba. The type of cleanup described in these notes is for a minor spill few litres to a medium spill 1500 litres of oil or fuel. Mechanical methods, including booms, absorbents, and physical barriers are the most frequently used response tools for cleanup and containment of spills on land. Cleanup methods buzzards bay national estuary program. May 05, 2010 the oil spill at a bp drilling site in the gulf of mexico has morphed over two weeks from a horrific but localized accident to a fullscale environmental disaster.
Evaporation occurs when the lighter or more volatile substances within the oil mixture become vapors and. Containment booms were used to contain oil spilled during the 2010 deepwater horizon oil. Immediately after the spill, and based on the national contingency plan, the korean coast guard, together with associated. Existing dispersantschemical herders are chemically stable, but nonbiodegradable so remain longer in the marine environment. Best available techniques for oil spill containment and clean. Hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation in the niger. May 12, 2014 2014 science fair project for scientific research and design.
The hebei spirit oil spill hsos in december 7, 2007, was the worst oil spill recorded in korea, with the release of approximately 10,900 tons of crude oil and 375 km of coastline polluted along the west coast of korea. Transcript this transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100%. Chapter 4, shoreline cleanup of oil spills us epa archive. Two common traits of all of the traditionally used surfactants, for both eor and oil spill remediation, happen to be that they are water soluble and expensive 30,32,33,35363738. The 1989 exxon valdez disaster in alaska is the first major oil spill i can remember, and the images of the recovery efforts. Develop and prepare countermeasures to contain, clean up, and mitigate the effects of an oil spill. The spill prevention and control methods listed in this section are based on approved spill control plans that columbia gas transmission, llc columba has used successfully in the past. Oil properties and their impact on spill response options bsees. Best available techniques for oil spill containment and.
Over the course of 87 days, the damaged macondo wellhead, located. The historical perspectives show a gap of 12 years between oil production and environmental policies that would guide and enforce cleanup and remediation. Causes, consequences, prevention, and countermeasures. If the oil spill can be controlled, it is less likely that it will reach sensitive freshwater or marine habitats. Pdf oil spills and sustainable cleanup approach researchgate. In situ burning is the oldest technique used in oil spill cleanup and involves the. In situ burning involves the controlled burning of oil that has spilled from a vessel or a facility, at the location of the spill. The paper examines hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation from four perspectives namely historical, regulatory, scientific, and socioeconomic considerations. Post spill response procedures and equipment locations.
There are many types of cleaning methods used for spills, including. Best available techniques for oil spill containment and cleanup in the mediterranean sea f. At the end of the semester final testing took place in a 20foot long water table, which was filled with water 6 inches deep. Factors affecting cleanup decisions frequently, oil spills will start on land and r each shore areas. It should be followed by the oil spill cleanup lab. But we, who do not get to witness these effects on a first hand basis, do not understand the degree of impact of such incidents. Other response activities included burning the oil at the water surface and mechanically recovering it using skimmers or other equipment. When an oil spill occurs, responders consider factors such as oil toxicity, rate of oil spreading, and length of time for oil to break down. Biological methods bioremediation and phytoremediation have received considerable attention during the last few years as the most promising and environmentally benign technique for effective cleanup of crude oil contaminated soil. An oil spill is an accidental release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons usually during transportation of oil into the environment. In essence it functioned very much like jtfak would have. Feb 08, 2019 in situ burning, or isb, is a technique sometimes used by people responding to an oil spill.
British petroleum bp, the company responsible for the spill, uses many different methods for oil cleanup, including booms, skimmers, absorbers, and dispersants. The impact on the ecosystem in an area can be severe as well as the impact on economic activities. Cleaning the spill becomes trickier as well, and methods to deal with the oil must also be more delicate. There are basically four ways to cleanup oil spills. Burning may be seen as a simple method which has the potential to remove large amounts of oil from the sea surface. Student teams create their own oil spills, try different methods for cleaning them up, and then discuss the merits of each method in terms of effectiveness cleanliness and cost. The cleaningup of oil spills is a very difficult and expensive activity. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling. An exploration of methods that can be used to clean up an oil spill. Homeowner oil spill cleanup guide fall 2002, updated january 2004 1 introduction most properly maintained home heating oil systems never experience a release or spill. Containment of the spill to prevent it from reaching the water is typically the most effective action to reduce the spread of contamination and minimize overall threats to the environment.
Drowning, heat illness and falls also pose hazards, as can encounters with insects, snakes and other wild species native to the impacted areas. Mcinerney to coordinate military support for oil spill cleanup. Apr 24, 2019 spill response experts know that all of these methods are effective only when conditions are conducive to using them. It is important to realize that oil spill response should be considered in terms. Constant media attention on oil spills has created global awareness of their risks and the damage they do. An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution.
It will allow a quick and efficient surveillance and detection of oil spills that today is unthinkable. Oil spill cleanup methods for buzzards bay shoreline cleanup methods list approved for use for the bouchard no. More information about spill containment methods in situ burning. Oil spills on water and land may be contained and cleaned by the process of applying wood chips in direct contact with the spilled oil. Practically, all oil spill response methods have some environmental impacts, so selection of a cleanup method inherently necessitate some kind of tradeoff between the effects of the oil spill versus the side effects of the cleanup. More buoyant oil traveled up through about a mile of water column and formed large surface slicks. The basics of oil spill cleanup pdf download free ebooks. When a leak, spill or other release of heating oil occurs at your home, you may not know what to do. Background oil spill cleanup and remediation, like most environmental issues in the niger delta have many dimensions which include historical, regulatory, scientific, socioeconomic and political considerations. This lecture gives students an overview of the equipment, procedures, and strategies used in oil spill response. These droplets can also form a secondary slick or thin film on the surface of the water.
Remediation the soil when a spill occurs on soil, the first steps can. Oil spill response authority is determined by the location of the spill. May 04, 2010 the animation provided by the american petroleum institute demonstrates different methods of oil spill cleanup. To be useful in combating oil spills, sorbents need to be both oleophilic and hydr ophobic waterrepellant. Oil spill treatment methods based on the oil recovery or oil dispersion.
687 1077 602 432 361 799 35 1164 252 1166 1582 464 976 1434 943 779 672 460 929 1194 885 1481 1502 1005 1248 1139 850 715 1437 1076 265 927